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The is a miniature shrine owned by the Hōryū-ji temple complex of Nara, Japan. Its date of construction is unknown, but estimated to be around the middle of the seventh century.〔 Decorated with rare examples of Asuka-period paintings, it provides important clues to the architecture of the time〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tamamushi no zushi )〕 and has been designated a National Treasure. Consisting of a low rectangular dais supporting a plinth upon which stands a miniature building tall, the Tamamushi Shrine derives its name from the iridescent wings of the tamamushi beetle with which it was once ornamented, but which have now exfoliated.〔 In spite of what its name in English may suggest, the shrine is not a miniature Shinto shrine, as is a term for a miniature shrine that houses Buddhist images or sūtra scrolls,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zushi )〕 in this case a statue of Kannon and small rows of seated bronze Buddhas.〔 ==Architectural form== While the ground plan of many structures that are no longer extant is known, this miniature building is particularly important not only for its early date but also for the understanding it provides of the upper members, in particular the roof system, tiling, and brackets.〔 Few buildings survive from before the Nara period and, even for those that do, the roofs have been rebuilt several times. The best if not only source for the earliest styles are miniature models such as the Tamamushi Shrine and, for the following century, the miniature pagodas from Kairyūō-ji and Gangō-ji. The miniature building has been identified variously as a palace-style building〔 and as a temple "golden hall" or ''kondō''.〔 It has a hip-and-gable roof in the style known as ''irimoya-zukuri'', or more precisely a variant of the type, known as . In this technique, the hip and gable are clearly distinguished, with the latter overhanging the notably flat former and there is a distinct break in the tiling.〔 When Shitennō-ji was rebuilt after its destruction in the Pacific War, the roofing of the ''kondō'' retained this ancient style.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shikorobuki )〕 Ornamenting both ends of the ridgepole that runs the length of the top of the roof are curved tiles known as ''shibi'', found in surviving eighth-century architecture only on the Tōshōdai-ji ''kondō''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shibi )〕 The roof tiles are of the lipless, semi-circular type.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gyougibuki gawara )〕 In the triangular field at each gable end is a "king-post", supporting the end of the ridgepole.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shinzuka )〕 Descending the length of the gable and perpendicular to the main ridgepole are .〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kudarimune )〕 Edging the gable beyond the descending ridges are "hanging tiles" or , laid at right angles to both the other tiles and the descending ridges and projecting slightly to afford a degree of shelter (were this building not a miniature) to the bargeboards that help define the gable.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kakegawara )〕 The radiating brackets and blocks that support the deep eaves of the roof are "cloud-shaped" (), a type found only in the earliest buildings to survive to the modern period: the ''kondō'', pagoda, and central gate (chūmon) at Hōryū-ji, and the three-storey pagodas at Hokki-ji and Hōrin-ji (the last was struck by lightning and burnt to the ground in 1944).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kumotokyou )〕 The bracket system supports that extend far into the eaves. In a full-scale building, the downward load of the eaves upon the far end of these tail rafters is counterbalanced at the other end by the main load of the roof.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Odaruki )〕 The simple unjointed purlins that support the roof covering in the eaves are circular in cross-section, as opposed to the rectangular purlins of the earliest surviving buildings.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hitonoki (cf. Futanoki) )〕 Also at the corners the purlins are arranged parallel to each other rather than in the radial setting known from excavations at Shitennō-ji.〔 The columns or square posts are encased by their tie beams rather than pierced by the more usual .〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nuki )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tamamushi Shrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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